{"trustable":true,"prependHtml":"\u003cscript\u003e window.katexOptions \u003d { disable: true }; \u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cscript type\u003d\"text/x-mathjax-config\"\u003e\n MathJax.Hub.Config({\n tex2jax: {\n inlineMath: [[\u0027$$$\u0027,\u0027$$$\u0027], [\u0027$\u0027,\u0027$\u0027]],\n displayMath: [[\u0027$$$$$$\u0027,\u0027$$$$$$\u0027], [\u0027$$\u0027,\u0027$$\u0027]]\n }\n });\n\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cscript async src\u003d\"https://mathjax.codeforces.org/MathJax.js?config\u003dTeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML\" type\u003d\"text/javascript\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e","sections":[{"title":"","value":{"format":"HTML","content":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"panel_content\"\u003eMex is a function on a set of integers, which is universally used for impartial game theorem. For a non-negative integer set S, mex(S) is defined as the least non-negative integer which is not appeared in S. Now our problem is about mex function on a sequence.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eConsider a sequence of non-negative integers {ai}, we define mex(L,R) as the least non-negative integer which is not appeared in the continuous subsequence from aL to aR, inclusive. Now we want to calculate the sum of mex(L,R) for all 1 \u0026lt;\u003d L \u0026lt;\u003d R \u0026lt;\u003d n.\u003c/div\u003e"}},{"title":"Input","value":{"format":"HTML","content":"The input contains at most 20 test cases.\u003cbr\u003eFor each test case, the first line contains one integer n, denoting the length of sequence.\u003cbr\u003eThe next line contains n non-integers separated by space, denoting the sequence.\u003cbr\u003e(1 \u0026lt;\u003d n \u0026lt;\u003d 200000, 0 \u0026lt;\u003d ai \u0026lt;\u003d 10^9)\u003cbr\u003eThe input ends with n \u003d 0."}},{"title":"Output","value":{"format":"HTML","content":"For each test case, output one line containing a integer denoting the answer."}},{"title":"Sample","value":{"format":"HTML","content":"\u003ctable class\u003d\u0027vjudge_sample\u0027\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth\u003eInput\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth\u003eOutput\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cpre\u003e3\r\n0 1 3\r\n5\r\n1 0 2 0 1\r\n0\r\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cpre\u003e5\r\n24\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n"}},{"title":"Hint","value":{"format":"HTML","content":"\u003cbr\u003eFor the first test case:\u003cbr\u003emex(1,1)\u003d1, mex(1,2)\u003d2, mex(1,3)\u003d2, mex(2,2)\u003d0, mex(2,3)\u003d0,mex(3,3)\u003d0.\u003cbr\u003e 1 + 2 + 2 + 0 +0 +0 \u003d 5.\u003cbr\u003e"}}]}